Districts

Ampara

Ampara District, located in Sri Lanka’s Eastern Province, is one of the country’s 25 administrative districts. Its capital is the town of Ampara. Established in April 1961 from the southern part of Batticaloa District, Ampara covers an area of 4,415 square kilometers (1,705 square miles). It is bordered by Batticaloa and Polonnaruwa districts to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, Hambantota District to the south, and Badulla, Matale, and Monaragala districts to the northwest and west.

A notable feature of the district is its north-western section, Dehiyattakandiya, which is separated from the rest of Ampara by the Maduru Oya Reservoir. As of 2012, the district’s population was approximately 648,057. Ampara is renowned for its ethnic and religious diversity.

The district, like much of the eastern and northern regions, was significantly impacted by Sri Lanka’s civil war, which led to the loss of around 100,000 lives and displacement of many residents. The conflict forced numerous Sinhalese to relocate to the western parts of the country and many Tamils to seek refuge in Colombo. Despite these upheavals, most residents have returned to Ampara since the war’s end.

Anuradhapura

Anuradhapura District, located in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province, spans an area of 7,179 square kilometers. Known for its rich historical and cultural significance, the district is a prominent center of ancient civilization. Anuradhapura, the district’s main city, was once the capital of Sri Lanka and remains a crucial archaeological and religious site.

The district is famous for its ancient ruins, including grand stupas, temples, and monasteries that reflect its historical prominence. Notable sites such as the Ruwanwelisaya and the Sri Maha Bodhi, a sacred fig tree believed to be a sapling from the original tree under which Buddha attained enlightenment, attract visitors and pilgrims from around the world.

Anuradhapura also plays a vital role in Sri Lanka’s agriculture, with its expansive agricultural lands supported by ancient irrigation systems, including the historic reservoirs and canals that have been in use for centuries.

The region’s combination of historical landmarks, religious significance, and agricultural heritage makes it a unique and important area in Sri Lanka.

Badulla

Badulla District, located in Sri Lanka’s Uva Province, spans 2,861 square kilometers and is home to around 837,000 residents. This district is bordered by Monaragala and Rathnapura to the east and south, Ampara and Kandy to the north, and Nuwara Eliya and Matale to the west.

The district is primarily known for its agricultural activities. The higher altitude areas are famous for their tea plantations and vegetable farms, while the lower regions are dedicated to paddy cultivation. This division in terrain results in a diverse agricultural landscape that supports the local economy.

Badulla’s main towns include Badulla, the district capital, which is a key commercial and administrative center. Other notable towns are Ella, renowned for its scenic beauty and popular among tourists, and Haputale, which offers stunning views and is a hub for tea production. Additionally, towns like Bandarawela and Passara contribute to the district’s agricultural output and local culture.

Badulla District’s combination of lush landscapes, thriving tea estates, and bustling towns makes it a vital area in Sri Lanka, both economically and culturally.

Batticaloa

Batticaloa District, located in Sri Lanka’s Eastern Province, covers an area of 2,854 square kilometers. Its capital is the vibrant city of Batticaloa.

The district’s rich history includes the creation of Ampara District from its southern part in April 1961. Batticaloa District is known for its coastal location and diverse cultural heritage.

Key towns in the district include Batticaloa itself, a major urban center known for its historical landmarks and lively markets. Another notable town is Kalmunai, which serves as an important commercial hub. The town of Eravur is known for its picturesque surroundings and tranquil environment. Each of these towns contributes to the district’s unique character and regional economy.

Batticaloa’s geographical location on the eastern coast and its vibrant towns make it a significant area in Sri Lanka, offering a mix of cultural, economic, and scenic attractions.

Colombo

Colombo District, situated in the southwest of Sri Lanka, is one of the country’s 25 administrative districts. Covering an area of 699 square kilometers, the district is centered around Colombo, the nation’s bustling capital and largest city.

As the economic hub of Sri Lanka, Colombo District stands out for its high income levels, with the highest average household income recorded in 2016.
Key towns within the district include Colombo, which is not only the administrative capital but also a vibrant commercial and cultural center. Other significant towns are Dehiwala, known for its lively beach and cultural attractions, and Kotte, which serves as an important suburban area with a growing commercial presence. Towns like Wattala and Kelaniya are also notable for their residential and industrial developments.

Colombo District’s strategic location and economic significance make it a crucial area in Sri Lanka, offering a dynamic mix of urban life, commercial activity, and cultural richness.

Galle

Galle District, located in Sri Lanka’s Southern Province, spans 1,652 square kilometers. This district is bordered to the north by the Benthara River, to the south and west by the Indian Ocean, and to the east by Matara and Ratnapura districts.

The district’s landscape is remarkably varied. The area is known for its diverse topography, ranging from coastal regions to lush rainforests in Hiniduma Patthuwa. This region, which includes the Sinharaja Forest Reserve, is crucial for the catchment of many rivers and lakes that sustain the district.

Galle enjoys a temperate climate with annual rainfall ranging from 2,000 to 2,500 millimeters. The Gin River, originating from Gongala Hill in Hiniduma Patthuwa, travels 113 kilometers through areas like Neluwa, Thawalama, and Baddegama before reaching the Indian Ocean at Ginthota. Additionally, the Madu Ganga River, starting from Polathu Kanda and flowing to Balapitiya, plays a key role in maintaining the district’s ecological balance.

Key towns in Galle District include Galle city, renowned for its historic fortifications and vibrant culture. Other notable towns are Hikkaduwa, famous for its beautiful beaches and coral reefs, and Unawatuna, a popular destination for its picturesque bay and relaxed atmosphere.

Galle District’s rich natural resources, combined with its historical and cultural landmarks, make it a significant and diverse region in Sri Lanka.

Gampaha

Gampaha District, situated in the western part of Sri Lanka, covers an area of 1,387 square kilometers. The district is bordered to the north by Kurunegala and Puttalam districts, to the east by Kegalle District, to the south by Colombo District, and to the west by the Indian Ocean. Its natural boundaries include the Ma Oya River to the north, the Kelani River to the south, and the 1,000-foot contour line to the east.

The district is known for its vibrant blend of urban and rural landscapes. Gampaha city serves as the administrative center and is a key commercial hub in the region. Another significant town is Negombo, located along the coast, famous for its lively fishing industry and beautiful beaches. Additionally, towns such as Wattala and Ja-Ela are notable for their residential and industrial developments.

Gampaha’s diverse landscape includes both coastal areas and inland regions with rich agricultural land. The district is well-connected and plays a crucial role in the economy of western Sri Lanka, contributing to both urban development and agricultural production.

Hambantota

Hambantota District, Known for its dry climate, located on the southeastern coast of Sri Lanka in the Southern Province, spans 2,593 square kilometers.

The district’s capital, Hambantota town, serves as the administrative center and is a hub for salt production. Other notable towns include Tangalle, which is renowned for its beautiful beaches; Ambalantota, a key agricultural area; Tissamaharama, known for its proximity to Yala National Park; and Beliatta, a growing town with cultural significance.

Historically, Hambantota’s agriculture was characterized by swidden cultivation, or slash-and-burn farming, and some paddy cultivation on non-irrigated lands. The region’s agricultural practices have evolved over time, with a focus now on various crops suited to its arid conditions. Leonard Woolf’s book, *Village in the Jungle*, provides an insightful look into the district’s past during the British Colonial era.

The district has a diverse population, with Sinhalese and Sri Lankan Malays making up 98% of the residents. This blend of cultures has influenced local traditions and language. As of 2011, the district’s population was around 596,617, with a significant portion living in rural areas. The local economy relies heavily on agriculture, with 42.2% of the workforce employed in this sector, while 23.3% work in industry and 34.5% are in services. The district faces challenges with a higher unemployment rate compared to the national average.

Hambantota District’s combination of cultural heritage, economic activities, and natural beauty makes it a unique and important region in Sri Lanka.

Jaffna

Jaffna District, situated in the far north of Sri Lanka’s Northern Province, covers an area of 1,025 square kilometers.

The capital city, Jaffna, is the cultural and administrative heart of the district. It is renowned for its vibrant Tamil heritage and historical significance. Other important towns in the district include Chavakachcheri, which serves as a key commercial center, and Point Pedro, known for its bustling port and northernmost point in Sri Lanka.

Jaffna District is primarily located on the Jaffna Peninsula, giving it a unique geographical position with a mix of coastal and inland areas. The district has a rich cultural tapestry and a history deeply influenced by its Tamil-speaking population. It is known for its historic temples, traditional festivals, and a resilient community that has navigated various challenges, including the impact of the civil conflict.

The district’s blend of cultural heritage, economic activity, and historical landmarks makes Jaffna a significant region in Sri Lanka, reflecting the country’s diverse and intricate history.

Kandy

Kandy District is located in Sri Lanka’s Central Province and spans an area of 1,940 square kilometers. This district is known for its scenic beauty and central location, nestled among the hills of the island.

The city of Kandy, the district’s capital, is a major cultural and historical center, famous for the Temple of the Tooth, a sacred Buddhist site. Kandy city also serves as a vibrant hub for commerce, education, and tourism. Other notable towns in the district include Peradeniya, which is home to the renowned Peradeniya University and its beautiful botanical gardens, and Gampola, known for its historical significance and scenic surroundings.

Kandy District is characterized by its lush greenery, tea plantations, and mountainous terrain, making it a popular destination for nature enthusiasts and tourists. The district plays a crucial role in Sri Lanka’s tea industry, with numerous plantations dotting the landscape.

Overall, Kandy District offers a blend of cultural heritage, natural beauty, and economic significance, making it a key area in Sri Lanka’s Central Province.

Kalutara

Kalutara District is situated in the southwestern part of Sri Lanka and spans 1,598 square kilometers.

The district’s capital, Kalutara, is a bustling city known for its historic Kalutara Bodhiya, a revered Buddhist shrine. Kalutara city also serves as a commercial and cultural hub for the region. Other notable towns in the district include Panadura, recognized for its vibrant markets and educational institutions; and Beruwala, which is famous for its picturesque beaches and as a popular tourist destination.

Kalutara District is bordered by Colombo District to the north, Ratnapura District to the east, Galle District to the south, and the Indian Ocean to the west. This coastal location gives the district a favorable climate and beautiful seaside landscapes.

Overall, Kalutara District offers a blend of cultural heritage, economic activity, and scenic beauty, making it an important area in Sri Lanka’s southwestern region.

Kegalle

Kegalle District is located in Sri Lanka’s Sabaragamuwa Province, covering an area of 1,693 square kilometers.

The district’s capital, Kegalle, serves as the administrative center, while other key towns include Rambukkana, known for its vibrant local markets, and Mawanella, a bustling town with significant commercial activity. Kegalle District is nestled between the central highlands and the western southern plains, creating a varied landscape that ranges from lowland areas to elevated regions.

Kegalle is renowned for its extensive rubber plantations, which dominate much of the district’s agricultural activity. Additionally, the district supports the cultivation of coffee, cocoa, pepper, clove, and nutmeg. A notable feature of Kegalle District is the Bogala graphite mine, one of the best in Sri Lanka, which contributes to the district’s economy.

Overall, Kegalle District blends natural beauty with economic importance, making it a unique and significant area in Sri Lanka.

Kilinochchi

Kilinochchi District is situated in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka, covering an area of 1,279 square kilometers.

The district’s capital, Kilinochchi, is a central hub for administrative and local activities. Other significant towns include Elephant Pass, known for its strategic location, and Paranthan, which is notable for its agricultural and historical significance.

Kilinochchi District has a complex history, having been under the control of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) for several years during the civil war. The district was brought back under government control in late 2008 and early 2009. Today, Kilinochchi is rebuilding and developing its infrastructure and communities after the conflicts.

The district’s landscape is predominantly flat and features a mix of agricultural lands and natural vegetation. It is an area with rich cultural heritage and significant potential for growth and development.

Kurunegala

Kurunegala District, located in Sri Lanka’s North Western Province, spans an area of 4,812.7 square kilometers. This district is a significant administrative and cultural region, divided into thirty divisional secretariats, 1,610 grama niladari divisions, and 4,476 villages. It encompasses fourteen electoral divisions, two municipal councils, nineteen urban councils, and is represented by fifteen members of parliament, 47 provincial council members, and 337 local council members.

The district is bordered by Anuradhapura District to the north, Matale and Kandy Districts to the east, Gampaha and Kegalle Districts to the south, and Puttalam District to the west. Kurunegala’s landscape and heritage are enriched by its historical kingdoms, including Panduwasnuwara, Kurunegala, Yapahuwa, and Dambadeniya, each contributing to its cultural and historical significance.

Key towns in Kurunegala include Kurunegala City, the administrative center, as well as towns like Panduwasnuwara and Yapahuwa, known for their historical ruins and cultural heritage.

Mannar

Mannar District, situated in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka, covers an area of 1,996 square kilometers. The district is administered from Mannar, the capital, located on Mannar Island.

Historically, Mannar District faced significant challenges during the civil war, with much of the area under the control of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam until it was recaptured by the Sri Lankan military in 2008.

The district is noted for its unique geographical features. Murunkan, a town known for its cracked black clay surface, is home to the Giant’s Tank and has the only montmorillonite clay in Sri Lanka, which is used in cement production. The Aruvi Aru River, which runs through both Mannar and Anuradhapura districts, is the second longest river in Sri Lanka.

Mannar District is also known for its artesian springs and aquifers, which are vital for agriculture. The region relies on these water sources for successful cultivation, particularly in areas with red-yellow latosol soil. However, perennial fresh water sources are scarce in other parts of the Vanni area.

Key towns in Mannar District include Mannar City, Murunkan, and areas near the Giant’s Tank.

Matale

Matale District, located in Sri Lanka’s Central Province, covers an area of 1,993 square kilometers. The district is known for its central location on the island and serves as a significant administrative and cultural hub.

Matale, the administrative capital and largest city of the district, is a key center for both commerce and local governance. The district is bordered by several others: to the north is Anuradhapura, to the northeast is Polonnaruwa, to the east are Badulla and Ampara, to the west is Kurunegala, and to the south is Kandy.

Matale District features a diverse landscape, from lush highlands to fertile plains, and plays an important role in agriculture. The area is well-known for its production of spices, including cinnamon and pepper, which thrive in the local climate.

In addition to Matale, other significant towns in the district include Dambulla and Sigiriya, which are noted for their historical and cultural significance.

Matara

Matara District is situated in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka and covers an area of 1,282.5 square kilometers.

The district’s capital is Matara, a vibrant city known for its cultural and economic significance. Located in the southwest of Sri Lanka, Matara District is renowned for its scenic coastal landscapes and historical sites.

In addition to Matara, other notable towns in the district include Tangalle, known for its beautiful beaches, and Mirissa, a popular spot for whale watching. The district features a mix of coastal and inland areas, contributing to its diverse economy, which includes tourism, agriculture, and fishing.

Matara District is also part of the broader Southern Province, which is known for its rich heritage and natural beauty.

Mullaitivu

Mullaitivu District is situated in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka and spans an area of 2,617 square kilometers. The district’s administrative center is the town of Mullaitivu. This region was significantly affected by the civil conflict, having been under the control of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam for many years. The district was fully recaptured by Sri Lankan forces in early 2009. Today, Mullaitivu is an important area in the northeastern part of Sri Lanka, contributing to the country’s administrative framework and recovery efforts.

Monaragala

Monaragala District is located in the Uva Province of Sri Lanka and is the second-largest district in the country. Covering an area of 5,636 square kilometers (2,176 square miles), Monaragala is notable for its expansive size. The district features a diverse landscape that includes plains, hills, and forested areas.

The main town and administrative center of Monaragala District is Monaragala itself. Other significant towns in the district include Badalkumbura, Wellawaya, and Siyambalanduwa. These towns serve as key hubs for local activities and services.

Monaragala is known for its agricultural production, with crops like rice, maize, and various fruits being cultivated extensively. The district’s economy is largely based on agriculture, but it also benefits from its rich natural resources and scenic beauty.

In terms of its geographical positioning, Monaragala is bordered by the districts of Ratnapura to the west, Kegalle to the northwest, and the Matara and Hambantota districts to the south. The district’s location and size make it a significant area for both agriculture and natural tourism in Sri Lanka.

Nuwara Eliya

Nuwara Eliya District is located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka, known for its stunning hill country scenery and cool climate. This district, with Nuwara Eliya as its central city, is a popular destination for tourists seeking a respite from the tropical heat of the lowlands.

Covering an area of approximately 1,545 square kilometers (597 square miles), the district’s terrain is characterized by mountainous landscapes and deep valleys. It is renowned for its tea plantations, lush greenery, and picturesque views.

The population of Nuwara Eliya District was about 703,610 according to the 2001 census. The demographic composition includes 50.6% Tamils of Indian origin, 40.2% Sinhalese, 6.5% native Sri Lankan Tamils, and 2.4% Sri Lankan Moors. In terms of religion, 51% of the population practices Hinduism, 39.7% follow Buddhism, 5% are Roman Catholics, 2.7% are Muslims, and 1.5% belong to other Christian denominations.

In addition to Nuwara Eliya, other notable towns in the district include Hakkgala, which is known for its botanical gardens, and Ella, a popular spot for trekking and natural attractions. The district’s elevation and climate make it an ideal location for growing high-quality tea and for enjoying outdoor activities like hiking and exploring waterfalls.

Nuwara Eliya District, situated in the heart of Sri Lanka’s hill country, offers a unique blend of cultural heritage and natural beauty, making it a key destination for both local and international visitors.

If you need information about Anuradhapura District, it is a historical and cultural heartland in the North Central Province, known for its ancient ruins and significant Buddhist sites. It’s a major attraction for those interested in Sri Lanka’s rich historical and religious heritage.

Polonnaruwa

Polonnaruwa District is a prominent area in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province, encompassing about 3,293 square kilometers (1,271 square miles

The district’s capital, Polonnaruwa, is famed for its rich archaeological heritage, showcasing remnants from its time as one of Sri Lanka’s medieval capitals. Key attractions include the Royal Palace, the impressive Gal Vihara with its rock-cut Buddha statues, and the expansive Parakrama Samudra reservoir.

Other notable towns in the district include Hingurakgoda, known for its agricultural significance and historical proximity, and Dimbulagala, which features ancient cave temples and picturesque landscapes. Maha Oya, another important town, serves as a gateway to various cultural and historical sites within the district.

Polonnaruwa District is celebrated for its historical monuments and cultural legacy, reflecting the grandeur of the ancient Sinhalese civilization and offering rich experiences for those interested in Sri Lanka’s past.

Puttalam

Puttalam District is located on Sri Lanka’s west coast and is part of the North Western Province, along with Kurunegala District. Covering an area of 3,072 square kilometers (1,186 square miles), it is a diverse region with a range of natural features and economic activities. The district’s capital, Puttalam, is situated near the Kala Oya and Modaragam Aru rivers to the north, and it borders Anuradhapura District and Kurunegala District to the east. The district is also bounded by Ma Oya to the south and the Indian Ocean to the west.

Puttalam is known for its extensive lagoons, which are crucial for local industries such as shallow sea fishing and prawn farming. These lagoons support a variety of aquatic life and play a significant role in the district’s economy. In addition to the capital city, other notable towns include Chilaw, renowned for its historical and religious sites, and Negombo, which is a well-known coastal town with vibrant markets and a strong fishing industry.

The district’s strategic location and natural resources make it an important area for both agriculture and fishing, contributing significantly to the local and national economy.

Ratnapura

Ratnapura District, located in Sri Lanka’s Sabaragamuwa Province, is renowned for its gem-mining industry and serves as a key junction between the southern plains and the eastern hill country. The district’s main city, Ratnapura, is a bustling hub for gem dealers and plays a crucial role in regional commerce. Visitors can explore nearby attractions such as the Sinharaja Forest Reserve and Udawalawe National Park, which offer opportunities for trekking and bird watching. The district is also home to Kukulugala, one of Sri Lanka’s prominent mountains, standing as the 18th tallest in the country. With its rich cultural and natural landscapes, Ratnapura is a vital part of Sri Lanka’s geographic and economic tapestry.

Trincomalee

Trincomalee District, situated in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka, covers an area of 2,727 square kilometers. The district is administered from its capital city, Trincomalee, which is a key port and historical site. Known for its picturesque coastline and natural harbor, Trincomalee District is a significant region in Sri Lanka, offering both cultural and scenic attractions. With its rich history and strategic location on the east coast, Trincomalee District plays a vital role in the country’s administrative and economic framework.

Vavuniya

Vavuniya District, located in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka, covers an area of 1,967 square kilometers. The district’s capital is Vavuniya, which serves as the administrative center. Historically significant, parts of Vavuniya District were under the control of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam during the civil conflict. The Sri Lankan military regained control of the entire district in 2008. Today, Vavuniya is an important district in the north of Sri Lanka, contributing to the region’s administrative and cultural landscape.