Polonnaruwa, a resplendent relic of Sri Lanka’s illustrious past, exemplifies the island’s profound cultural and architectural legacy. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it brims with historical monuments and natural marvels that enchant visitors from every corner of the globe. Journey with us as we explore the paramount heritage sites in Polonnaruwa, each resonating with the grandeur of a bygone era.
The Royal Palace of King Parakramabahu, also known as the “Vejayanta Pasada,” once stood as a sprawling royal residence. This majestic palace, originally seven stories high with over a thousand rooms, now lies in ruins, with parts of its formidable brick walls still standing. It offers a glimpse into the opulence and architectural mastery of the Polonnaruwa period.
Gal Vihara, or the “Rock Monastery,” is a magnificent rock temple complex in Sri Lanka. It features four awe-inspiring Buddha statues hewn from a single granite rock face. These statues, showcasing various postures of the Buddha, highlight the exceptional skill and artistry of ancient Sri Lankan sculptors.
Dalada Maluva, also known as the Sacred Quadrangle, is a compact cluster of enthralling religious monuments. This area houses the Atadage, where the Sacred Tooth Relic was once enshrined. The intricate carvings and unique architectural styles make Dalada Maluva an essential visit.
Minneriya National Park, though not an ancient monument, is an integral part of Polonnaruwa’s heritage. This park is renowned for the “Minneriya Elephant Gathering,” where hundreds of elephants congregate around the Minneriya Tank during the dry season. It offers a rare opportunity to witness these majestic creatures in their natural habitat.
Rankoth Vehera is one of the largest stupas in Polonnaruwa. Erected by King Nissanka Malla, this massive brick structure rises to a height of 54 meters. The stupa, surrounded by shrines and inscriptions, reflects the religious fervor and architectural brilliance of the era.
Kiri Vihara, or the “Milk White Stupa,” is another prominent stupa in Polonnaruwa. Named for the original white plaster that covered it, which has remarkably endured through the centuries, this well-preserved stupa symbolizes the enduring Buddhist heritage of the region.
The Nissanka Latha Mandapaya is a distinctive pavilion within the Sacred Quadrangle. This structure features elegantly carved stone columns resembling lotus stems. It is believed to have been used by King Nissanka Malla for religious recitations and ceremonies.
The Polonnaruwa Vatadage is an exquisite circular relic house that once safeguarded a sacred relic, possibly the Tooth Relic of the Buddha. The intricately carved entrance steps, moonstones, and guard stones are prime examples of Sinhalese art and craftsmanship.
Lankatilaka Temple is a striking edifice with towering walls and a colossal standing Buddha statue. This temple, constructed by King Parakramabahu I, showcases the grandeur and architectural innovation of the Polonnaruwa period.
Parakrama Samudra, also known as the “Sea of Parakrama,” is an immense artificial reservoir built by King Parakramabahu I. This engineering marvel not only provided irrigation but also enhanced the region’s beauty and sustainability.
Angammedilla National Park is another natural wonder near Polonnaruwa. It serves as a catchment area for the Parakrama Samudra and is home to diverse wildlife, including elephants, leopards, and various bird species. The park offers a tranquil escape into nature.
Pothgul Viharaya is an ancient library-monastery complex where Buddhist scriptures were once studied and preserved. The site includes an impressive circular structure believed to be the library, along with several smaller buildings and inscriptions.
Giritale Wewa is a large ancient reservoir near Polonnaruwa. It is one of many tanks built to support agriculture in the region. The scenic beauty and historical significance of Giritale Wewa make it a popular spot for visitors.
Somawathiya Temple, located on the eastern bank of the Mahaweli River, is a revered Buddhist site. Believed to enshrine a tooth relic of the Buddha, it is a place of pilgrimage for devotees. The temple’s serene surroundings add to its spiritual ambiance.
Polonnaruwa is a treasure trove of historical and cultural wonders, each site narrating a tale of Sri Lanka’s glorious past. From majestic palaces and serene temples to stunning stupas and vast reservoirs, Polonnaruwa offers a rich and immersive experience for those seeking to explore the island’s heritage. Whether you are an avid historian, a spiritual seeker, or a nature enthusiast, Polonnaruwa promises a journey through time that is both enlightening and awe-inspiring.
